Oven Temperature Conversion: °C, °F, Gas Mark & Fan-Forced (With a Free Calculator)
Convert oven temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, gas mark and fan-forced — with a free calculator, a full conversion chart, and the fan-forced rule that stops your baking burning.
Why Oven Temperatures Are So Confusing
A recipe says 350°F, your oven is in Celsius, and it's fan-forced — three different systems for one number. American recipes use Fahrenheit, most of the world uses Celsius, older British recipes use gas marks, and modern ovens add a fan-forced (convection) setting that runs hotter than it reads. Get it wrong and a cake meant for 160°C fan ends up at 180°C — dry outside, raw in the middle.
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= 356 °F
Oven Temperature Conversion Chart
| Description | °C (conventional) | °F | Gas Mark | °C (fan-forced) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very cool / slow | 110 | 225 | ¼ | 90 |
| Very cool | 120 | 250 | ½ | 100 |
| Cool | 140 | 275 | 1 | 120 |
| Cool | 150 | 300 | 2 | 130 |
| Moderate | 160 | 325 | 3 | 140 |
| Moderate | 180 | 350 | 4 | 160 |
| Moderately hot | 190 | 375 | 5 | 170 |
| Hot | 200 | 400 | 6 | 180 |
| Hot | 220 | 425 | 7 | 200 |
| Very hot | 230 | 450 | 8 | 210 |
| Very hot | 240 | 475 | 9 | 220 |
180°C / 350°F / gas mark 4 is the workhorse "moderate" oven for most cakes and biscuits.
The Fan-Forced Rule (Don't Skip This)
A fan-forced (convection) oven circulates hot air, so it cooks faster and more evenly — and effectively runs about 20°C hotter than a conventional oven at the same dial setting.
The rule: subtract 20°C when a recipe is written for a conventional oven and you're using fan-forced. So 180°C conventional becomes 160°C fan-forced. If the recipe already says "fan," use it as written. When in doubt, drop 20°C and check a few minutes early.
Gas Marks and Fan-Forced — the Australian & UK Angle
Two of these systems belong to specific kitchens:
- Gas marks are British. They appear in older UK and Australian recipes and on gas ovens, each step 25°F apart — gas mark 4 is 180°C (350°F), gas mark 6 is 200°C (400°F).
- Fan-forced is the default in most Australian ovens. Many US and UK recipes assume a conventional oven, while Australian recipes often assume fan-forced — so check which one a recipe is written for. If it gives a conventional temperature and your oven is fan-forced, drop it by 20°C and use the fan-forced column above.
The short version: British recipes lean on gas marks, American recipes use Fahrenheit, and Australian recipes are usually fan-forced Celsius. The chart above covers all four, so you can cook any recipe in your own oven.
Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius Manually
°C = (°F − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 — e.g. 375°F: (375 − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 = 190°C. The other way: °F = (°C × 9 ÷ 5) + 32.
Convert a Whole Recipe at Once
Oven temperature is just one part of adapting a recipe. KitchenConvert converts temperatures, scales servings, and turns cups into grams across an entire recipe in one step — paste it in, pick your units, and every measurement comes out in the system your kitchen uses.
Working from an American recipe? See our full guide on how to convert cups to grams for ingredient-by-ingredient weights.
Working in millilitres? Our millilitres to cups guide converts ml to US and metric cups.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 350°F in Celsius? 350°F is 177°C, rounded to 180°C in most recipes — gas mark 4, a "moderate" oven. For fan-forced, use 160°C.
What does gas mark 6 mean in Celsius? Gas mark 6 is 200°C conventional (400°F), or about 180°C fan-forced — a "hot" oven for roast potatoes and some breads.
Do I need to change the temperature for a fan-forced oven? Yes. Fan-forced runs roughly 20°C hotter than conventional at the same setting, so subtract 20°C — 200°C conventional becomes 180°C fan-forced — and start checking earlier.
Why does my oven seem wrong even after converting? Home ovens are often 10–20°C out from their dial and have hot spots. A cheap oven thermometer on the middle shelf tells you the real temperature.
Is fan-forced the same as convection? Yes — fan-forced, fan, convection and "turbo" all describe an oven with a fan that circulates hot air. It runs about 20°C hotter than a conventional oven, so reduce the temperature by 20°C.
Are Australian ovens fan-forced by default? Most modern Australian ovens default to fan-forced, while many US and UK recipes assume a conventional oven. If a recipe gives a conventional temperature, drop the dial by 20°C or switch to your oven's conventional setting.
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